旧约 - 列王记上(1 Kings)第1章

When King David was old and well advanced in years, he could not keep warm even when they put covers over him.
So his servants said to him, "Let us look for a young virgin to attend the king and take care of him. She can lie beside him so that our lord the king may keep warm."
Then they searched throughout Israel for a beautiful girl and found Abishag, a Shunammite, and brought her to the king.
The girl was very beautiful; she took care of the king and waited on him, but the king had no intimate relations with her.
Now Adonijah, whose mother was Haggith, put himself forward and said, "I will be king." So he got chariots and horses ready, with fifty men to run ahead of him.
(His father had never interfered with him by asking, "Why do you behave as you do?" He was also very handsome and was born next after Absalom.)
Adonijah conferred with Joab son of Zeruiah and with Abiathar the priest, and they gave him their support.
But Zadok the priest, Benaiah son of Jehoiada, Nathan the prophet, Shimei and Rei and David's special guard did not join Adonijah.
Adonijah then sacrificed sheep, cattle and fattened calves at the Stone of Zoheleth near En Rogel. He invited all his brothers, the king's sons, and all the men of Judah who were royal officials,
but he did not invite Nathan the prophet or Benaiah or the special guard or his brother Solomon.
Then Nathan asked Bathsheba, Solomon's mother, "Have you not heard that Adonijah, the son of Haggith, has become king without our lord David's knowing it?
Now then, let me advise you how you can save your own life and the life of your son Solomon.
Go in to King David and say to him, 'My lord the king, did you not swear to me your servant: "Surely Solomon your son shall be king after me, and he will sit on my throne"? Why then has Adonijah become king?'
While you are still there talking to the king, I will come in and confirm what you have said."
So Bathsheba went to see the aged king in his room, where Abishag the Shunammite was attending him.
Bathsheba bowed low and knelt before the king. "What is it you want?" the king asked.
She said to him, "My lord, you yourself swore to me your servant by the LORD your God: 'Solomon your son shall be king after me, and he will sit on my throne.'
But now Adonijah has become king, and you, my lord the king, do not know about it.
He has sacrificed great numbers of cattle, fattened calves, and sheep, and has invited all the king's sons, Abiathar the priest and Joab the commander of the army, but he has not invited Solomon your servant.
My lord the king, the eyes of all Israel are on you, to learn from you who will sit on the throne of my lord the king after him.
Otherwise, as soon as my lord the king is laid to rest with his fathers, I and my son Solomon will be treated as criminals."
While she was still speaking with the king, Nathan the prophet arrived.
And they told the king, "Nathan the prophet is here." So he went before the king and bowed with his face to the ground.
Nathan said, "Have you, my lord the king, declared that Adonijah shall be king after you, and that he will sit on your throne?
Today he has gone down and sacrificed great numbers of cattle, fattened calves, and sheep. He has invited all the king's sons, the commanders of the army and Abiathar the priest. Right now they are eating and drinking with him and saying, 'Long live King Adonijah!'
But me your servant, and Zadok the priest, and Benaiah son of Jehoiada, and your servant Solomon he did not invite.
Is this something my lord the king has done without letting his servants know who should sit on the throne of my lord the king after him?"
Then King David said, "Call in Bathsheba." So she came into the king's presence and stood before him.
The king then took an oath: "As surely as the LORD lives, who has delivered me out of every trouble,
I will surely carry out today what I swore to you by the LORD, the God of Israel: Solomon your son shall be king after me, and he will sit on my throne in my place."
Then Bathsheba bowed low with her face to the ground and, kneeling before the king, said, "May my lord King David live forever!"
King David said, "Call in Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet and Benaiah son of Jehoiada." When they came before the king,
he said to them: "Take your lord's servants with you and set Solomon my son on my own mule and take him down to Gihon.
There have Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet anoint him king over Israel. Blow the trumpet and shout, 'Long live King Solomon!'
Then you are to go up with him, and he is to come and sit on my throne and reign in my place. I have appointed him ruler over Israel and Judah."
Benaiah son of Jehoiada answered the king, "Amen! May the LORD, the God of my lord the king, so declare it.
As the LORD was with my lord the king, so may he be with Solomon to make his throne even greater than the throne of my lord King David!"
So Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, Benaiah son of Jehoiada, the Kerethites and the Pelethites went down and put Solomon on King David's mule and escorted him to Gihon.
Zadok the priest took the horn of oil from the sacred tent and anointed Solomon. Then they sounded the trumpet and all the people shouted, "Long live King Solomon!"
And all the people went up after him, playing flutes and rejoicing greatly, so that the ground shook with the sound.
Adonijah and all the guests who were with him heard it as they were finishing their feast. On hearing the sound of the trumpet, Joab asked, "What's the meaning of all the noise in the city?"
Even as he was speaking, Jonathan son of Abiathar the priest arrived. Adonijah said, "Come in. A worthy man like you must be bringing good news."
"Not at all!" Jonathan answered. "Our lord King David has made Solomon king.
The king has sent with him Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, Benaiah son of Jehoiada, the Kerethites and the Pelethites, and they have put him on the king's mule,
and Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet have anointed him king at Gihon. From there they have gone up cheering, and the city resounds with it. That's the noise you hear.
Moreover, Solomon has taken his seat on the royal throne.
Also, the royal officials have come to congratulate our lord King David, saying, 'May your God make Solomon's name more famous than yours and his throne greater than yours!' And the king bowed in worship on his bed
and said, 'Praise be to the LORD, the God of Israel, who has allowed my eyes to see a successor on my throne today.'"
At this, all Adonijah's guests rose in alarm and dispersed.
But Adonijah, in fear of Solomon, went and took hold of the horns of the altar.
Then Solomon was told, "Adonijah is afraid of King Solomon and is clinging to the horns of the altar. He says, 'Let King Solomon swear to me today that he will not put his servant to death with the sword.'"
Solomon replied, "If he shows himself to be a worthy man, not a hair of his head will fall to the ground; but if evil is found in him, he will die."
Then King Solomon sent men, and they brought him down from the altar. And Adonijah came and bowed down to King Solomon, and Solomon said, "Go to your home."
列王纪上第一章   第 1 章 

  王上 1:1> 古国兴衰,今世鉴戒,反省我身,有何警惕? 

  1:1 以色列大卫王朝的黄金时代已近尾声。列王纪上开始于一个统一的王国,光辉灿烂,以神为中心;但结束时国土分裂,情况大不如前,全国上下都拜偶像。以色列人败落的原因很简单──他们不顺服神,即而产生令国势衰颓的各种罪──贪心、嫉妒、权力欲及轻视婚姻的盟约,徒具仪文的敬拜等等。今天这些罪同样会伤害我们。追忆以色列人的历史,就当以史为鉴,提醒自己免蹈覆辙。 

  王上 1:4> 英雄暮年,体弱气衰…… 

  1:4 大卫这时年近七旬,他历经多年苦难,健康恶化。亚比煞作他的护士服侍他、温暖他的身体。昔日容许多妻制,君王在后宫广置妃嫔乃是合法的。 

  二人分别作王 

  王上 1:5> 情欲、财富、权力等令大家庭的手足情被取代…… 

  1:5 亚多尼雅是大卫的第四子,顺理成章应被拣选继承王位。大卫的长子暗嫩,因强奸押沙龙的妹妹她玛而被杀(参撒下 13:20-33 );他的次子但以利,仅仅在历代志上 3 章 \cs15 1 节的谱系中提及,到这时可能已经身故;三子押沙龙在以前的叛乱中也死去(参撒下 18:1-18 )。虽然有许多人指望亚多尼雅继承王位,大卫(与神)却另有计划( 1:29-30 )。 

  王上 1:5> 阴谋篡位者注定要失败── 

  1:5 亚多尼雅向大卫隐瞒而自行作王。他晓得大卫首选的王位继承人是所罗门,而不是他( 1:17 ),所以他自立为王的时候,未邀请所罗门与大卫的忠心谋士( 1:9-10 )。但他图谋篡位未能成功。骄傲的亚多尼雅自高自大,最终自取败亡。 

  王上 1:6> 怎样教育儿女?自己与神亲密的关系必会令儿女效仿吗? 

  1:6 撒母耳与大卫这样敬虔的人,皆蒙神使用去领导全族,但在家庭关系上却出现问题。敬畏神的领导人,未必能裁培好儿女的灵命。他们惯于叫别人恪遵毋违,但威严不见得能培养子女一心信赖神。道德与灵性的塑造须用许多年日才能见成效,作父母的要不断地关怀、耐心地管教。 

  大 卫作 君王服事神卓然有成,但就作父亲而论,却让神和儿女失望。所以别因为自己是属灵领袖,只顾花时间与精力事奉神,却忽略了神所赐的其他责任,特别是对儿女和家庭的责任。 

  王上 1:6> 对孩子可以放任自流等待“树大自然直”吗? 

  1:6 大卫从来没有干预过儿女的事,既不指引也不查问,以致亚多尼雅不知道如何慎守规矩。结果他常常我行我素,不管别人死活。他任意而行,必然不尊重神的旨意。不受管束的孩子,在父母眼中可能视为聪明伶俐,但不守纪律的成年人,既能败坏自己,又会祸及别人。你若为儿女定出界限,使他们学会自我约束,长大以后就能有节制。要趁儿女年幼的时候留意管教,好使他们长大后成为自律的人。 

  王上 1:7> 1:7 参看撒下十九章对约押的介绍,能更详细地了解他的一生。有关亚比亚他的详情,参看撒母耳记上 22 章 20 节的注释。 

  王上 1:9> 履行了宗教仪式就能取代神的旨意吗?我也这样想过吗? 

  1:9 扫罗受膏作以色列王,献平安祭使众人想起神在西奈山曾与全民立约。亚多尼雅宰杀牛羊祭牲,可能想藉此确认篡位夺权的事,但他并非是神所拣选来接续大卫作王的人。他想用宗教仪式来确认一己的阴谋,根本不可能改变神的旨意。 

  王上 1:11> 拔示巴,你对她的了解有多少? 

  1:11 有关大卫之妻拔示巴的详尽资料,参看撒母耳记下 11 至 12 章。她贵为所罗门王的母亲,在宫中举足轻重。(参看对她的人物介绍) 

  王上 1:11-14> 对待不公义的事,我能做些什么?愿不愿做? 

  1:11-14 拿单听到亚多尼雅的阴谋就立刻设法阻止,他既有忠心,又坐言起行。他知道所罗门应当名正言顺地作王,所以看到别人想篡夺王位,就迅速采取行动。我们常常知道何事该做却没有行动,也许我们不愿意被牵涉在其中,或者惧怕情势。不要单单以祷告、忿怒和期望来阻止恶事,更应采取必要的行动去纠正错误的举动。 

  王上 1:13> 所罗门是谁拣选作王的? 

  1:13 圣经虽没有大卫应许所罗门接续王位的记载,但非常明显所罗门是大卫( 1:17 , 30 )与神所拣选的王(参代上 22:9-10 )。 

  拔示巴 

  王上 1:39> 膏油在什么场合使用? 

  1:39 圣膏油是用来膏立以色列的君王与大祭司的,也膏抹分别为圣归于神的器物。盛放膏油的帐幕,可能是大卫搭建的安放约柜的地方(参撒下 6:17 );而不是摩西在旷野所建造的会幕。因后者仍然留在基遍(详情请参撒上 7:1 的注释)。出埃及记 32 章 22 至 23 节说明这种圣膏油的制法和用处(膏立君王的详情,参撒上 10:1 与 16:13 的注释)。 

  王上 1:49-50> 亚多尼雅死到临头才找神,惧怕是悔改吗?我省悟到…… 

  1:49-50 人常在阴谋败露以后才肯放弃。亚多尼雅知道计谋失败了,就仓皇逃到祭坛,指望神的怜悯与赦免。但他是在篡位之心暴露之后,才到祭坛那里去,假使他先寻求神的旨意,就不会招此大祸。别让自己落到不可收拾的地步,才去寻求神的帮助;在你行事以前,先要寻求祂的引导。 

  王上 1:49-51> 亚多尼雅为何去抓祭坛的角? 

  1:49-51 亚多尼雅与他的元帅约押皆以为逃到会幕中、抓住祭坛的角(或者是柱子的角)就可保安全,或得到神的保护。所罗门虽批准对亚多尼雅缓刑,但之后吩咐比拿雅就在祭坛那里杀死约押( 2:28-34 )。双重杀人犯约押罪有应得,终于受到公义的处决(参出 21:14 )。 

  王上 1:52-53> 初登王位的所罗门,对亚多尼雅的处理是否有智慧? 

  1:52-53 亚多尼雅以为会受到最严厉的惩罚而丧失性命,所罗门却只是吩咐他离开,并打发他回家。所罗门既登上王位,就有权柄除去强敌,因为假使亚多尼雅篡位成功的话也会这样行;但是所罗门心中坦然,知道没有必要杀死他以壮自己的权势。饶恕别人的攻击,有时比施加报复更为高明。人企图证实自己的权威与能力,常会流露出恐惧与自我怀疑。后来亚多尼雅再次篡夺王位时,所罗门才不得不将他处死( 2:13-25 )。──《灵修版圣经注释》