旧约 - 出埃及记(Exodus)第1章

These are the names of the sons of Israel who went to Egypt with Jacob, each with his family:
Reuben, Simeon, Levi and Judah;
Issachar, Zebulun and Benjamin;
Dan and Naphtali; Gad and Asher.
The descendants of Jacob numbered seventy in all; Joseph was already in Egypt.
Now Joseph and all his brothers and all that generation died,
but the Israelites were fruitful and multiplied greatly and became exceedingly numerous, so that the land was filled with them.
Then a new king, who did not know about Joseph, came to power in Egypt.
"Look," he said to his people, "the Israelites have become much too numerous for us.
Come, we must deal shrewdly with them or they will become even more numerous and, if war breaks out, will join our enemies, fight against us and leave the country."
So they put slave masters over them to oppress them with forced labor, and they built Pithom and Rameses as store cities for Pharaoh.
But the more they were oppressed, the more they multiplied and spread; so the Egyptians came to dread the Israelites
and worked them ruthlessly.
They made their lives bitter with hard labor in brick and mortar and with all kinds of work in the fields; in all their hard labor the Egyptians used them ruthlessly.
The king of Egypt said to the Hebrew midwives, whose names were Shiphrah and Puah,
"When you help the Hebrew women in childbirth and observe them on the delivery stool, if it is a boy, kill him; but if it is a girl, let her live."
The midwives, however, feared God and did not do what the king of Egypt had told them to do; they let the boys live.
Then the king of Egypt summoned the midwives and asked them, "Why have you done this? Why have you let the boys live?"
The midwives answered Pharaoh, "Hebrew women are not like Egyptian women; they are vigorous and give birth before the midwives arrive."
So God was kind to the midwives and the people increased and became even more numerous.
And because the midwives feared God, he gave them families of their own.
Then Pharaoh gave this order to all his people: "Every boy that is born you must throw into the Nile, but let every girl live."
出埃及记第一章   第 1 章 

  出 1:1> 以色列人离开迦南来到埃及,他们的发展,境遇将是…… 

  1:1 以色列的众子就是雅各的儿子,也称为以色列人。雅各与天使角力后,神赐他名字为以色列(参创 32:24-30 )。雅各的一个儿子约瑟在埃及作了宰相,地位仅次于法老。他把父亲全家人接到埃及定居。四百年后雅各的家族衍生成为大族。他们到埃及是寄居的,初抵贵境时生活习惯与埃及人大相径庭。希伯来人敬拜独一真神,埃及人则拜许多假神;希伯来人是游牧民族,埃及人却有根深蒂固的文化;希伯来人以牧羊为业,埃及人却是定居的,善于建筑。以色列人住在埃及北部的歌珊,远离埃及的文化中心,甚少与埃及人交往。 

  出 1:9-10> 法老用巧计待以色列人,手法并不新奇…… 

  1:9-10 以色列人口众多,法老害怕他们万一组织起来威胁到他的国家,于是强迫他们作奴仆,多方压迫,使他们意志消沉,阻止他们人口增长。古时,各国都使用奴役的方法,来对待被征服的民族或俘虏。埃及许多的大型金字塔,极可能是由奴隶建造的。以色列人虽然不是被征服的民族,却是外族人,享受不到埃及公民的各种权利。 

  出 1:11> 埃及的督工苦害以色列民办法多种多样…… 

  1:11 埃及有不同种类的奴隶,有些要在泥坑中长时间地工作,有些精于技艺的便做木工、镶嵌首饰或雕刻。不管他们属哪一类奴工,做什么工作,铁面无情的督工都会严密地监视,催促他们尽快完工。督工们惯于折磨奴隶,令他们饱受煎熬。 

  出 1:11> 比东和兰塞,究竟建于何时? 

  1:11 古代历史记载,比东和兰塞这两个城市,是公元前 1290 年建造的,所以有些学者相信,以色列人是在公元前十三世纪出埃及的。但是另有学者考证,认为他们是在公元前 1446 年离开埃及的。以色列人怎能在离开埃及 150 年以后,又在那里建造两座城市呢?这些学者认为,当时作法老的兰塞二世,并没有建造这二城。实际上他是将 150 年以前所建造的这两个城市改名,这是埃及君王的一惯手法,将城市修饰重建,便当作是自己建造的,把前人的功绩全然据为己有。( 13:17-18 第二项注释) 

  出 1:12> 生活越苦,以色列人越发多起来;奇怪!苦难在人生中有何意义? 

  1:12 埃及人强迫以色列人作奴隶,虐待他们,想使他们丧志,人丁减少。可是恰恰相反,他们人口激增,并且强大起来。我们受到重压苦待时,也可能觉得很沮丧,但是重担可以使我们更坚强,在我们生命之中产生力量,使我们能面对未来。没有苦难来磨炼,我们就不能真正成为得胜者。身处艰难困苦之中,我们对神仍要忠心,因为即使是最悲惨的处境,也能塑造我们,成全我们。 

  出 1:15-17> 施弗拉和普阿的名字被记录下来,定有重要意义── 

  1:15-17 施弗拉和普阿可能是管理收生婆的人。她们两位都敬畏神,难怪圣经特别提到她们。希伯来人的收生婆为产妇接生,照顾婴孩,直到母亲康复为止。法老吩咐收生婆杀死希伯来的男婴,实在是找错了人,因为收生婆的职责是使婴儿安全出生,而不是去杀害小生命。收生婆不顺从法老,也不顾自己的安危,显出勇敢和敬爱神的心。 

  出 1:17-21> 两位收生婆因敬畏神,蒙神厚待,我是敬畏神?是惧怕人? 

  1:17 -21 两 个收生婆不听王命,保存了希伯来男婴的性命。她们因为信靠神,做了当做的事,勇气可嘉。神不要 我们盲目听从有权有势的人,尤其是那要求我们违背神和祂话语的人,更是不能顺从。许多人为着顺服神和拯救别人,甘愿牺牲自己宝贵的生命,这样的例子在圣经中俯拾皆是。以斯帖和末底改(参斯 3:2 ; 4:13-16 )、沙得拉、米煞、亚伯尼歌(参但 3:16-18 )等,都是英勇无畏的人,做了当做的事。我们的社会常充斥着不义的事,例如种族仇恨、奴役、无理囚禁等等,所以跟随潮流、服从多数,并不一定是对的。无论何时,若有人叫我们违背神命,我们就要顺从神而不顺从人(参徒 5:29 )。 

  出 1:19-21> 神是否因为收生婆向法老撒谎,于是赐福给她们? 

  1:19-21 神不是因人撒谎而赐福,神赐福是因为她们救了许多无辜婴孩的生命,并不意味撒谎必定是应付法老最好的方法。收生婆没有违背神更高的律法──不准滥杀无辜──所以神赐福她们。──《灵修版圣经注释》